Formative assessment free essay sample

Task review Unit 007: Principles of appraisal in long lasting realizing There are three learning results to this unit: 1. Get types and techniques for evaluation utilized in deep rooted learning 2. Comprehend approaches to include students in the evaluation procedure 3. Comprehend prerequisites for tracking evaluation in deep rooted learning Each learning result contains appraisal models against which the competitor will be surveyed. For more data on the unit framework and evaluation models please allude to the capability handbook. Task inclusion Task| | Evidence required| | Assessment models covered| A| | Guidance document| | 1. 2, 1. 3| B| | Short-answer| | 1. 1| | Questions| | 2. 1, 2. 2| | 3. 1, 3. 2| Tasks Task AGuidance report There is another educator in your group who is thinking that its hard to completely value the scope of evaluation techniques accessible and how to utilize them. Produce a direction archive which clarifies all the pertinent focuses for the best utilization of appraisal techniques in deep rooted learning, and include: an) a clarification of six evaluation strategies, recognizing when and how they would be utilized (ref. We will compose a custom exposition test on Developmental evaluation or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page . 2) b) an away from of four of those appraisal techniques that are the most suitable to your aptitude explicit territory, with a correlation of their qualities and constraints for meeting singular student needs. (ref. 1. 3) Task BShort-answer addresses Complete the short-answer questions. Assignment a 1. Pragmatic A Practical evaluation technique is a â€Å"Hands on† method of surveying learner’s capacities. It shows that a student can finish a pre-determined errand in down to earth terms given the correct direction, instruments and hardware. A case of this is it would be a decent apparatus for students with handicaps, for example, dyslexia or who may discover just academic(written) testing troublesome. Likewise it would be advantageous when the topic has been talking about a specialized subject. 2. Assignments Under this methodology, the student is required to deliver a bit of composed work based on a task or a contextual analysis. Potential arrangements are:- a paper on a particular course subject, a contextual investigation report, a report on a commonsense task, and so forth. Composed assignments permit the teacher or associate to evaluate the substance related abilities just as the composing aptitudes of the student. The student may likewise be allowed a chance to protect the composed task orally as a component of the last evaluation. This could advance Demonstration or improvement of more significant level reasoning composition, oral introduction and let the teacher Observe shared and relational abilities. 3. Pretend Role-playing exercises help acquaint understudy with â€Å"real-world† circumstances (Oberle, 2004). Van Ments (1983) distinguished three general focal points to pretending Activities they are sure and safe in managing mentalities and emotions, they give a Safe setting to communicating individual and here and there disagreeable perspectives and conclusions, and Role-playing is profoundly spurring as most of understudies appreciate these kinds of Activities and become increasingly enlivened students. This technique could be utilized in a gathering setting that based around a topic where playing out explicit subtleties helps open the students mind in to ‘how and why’ the occasions happened. 4. Questions Questions can take numerous organizations and be either oral or composed. Instances of inquiries utilized in surveying students understanding are coordinated inquiries, get out addressing and so on. These can challenge your learner’s potential and could help test basic contentions or thinking and thinking abilities. This could be utilized as a casual meeting to discover the scholarly degree of the students or as an underlying evaluation before creating the exercise plan. Open addressing is a speedy and simple method of surveying students understanding toward the finish of a theme or subject inside a bigger unit. Care must be taken to guarantee all students are addressed for this situation. 5. Friend Assessment Peer-appraisal is that understudies are settling on evaluation choices on different students work or being surveyed by their companions. Student peer-evaluation can be utilized for practically any part of understudy execution, including articles, reports, etc, or test contents. It is progressively regular, be that as it may, to utilize student peer-appraisal for proof identifying with introductions, exhibitions, useful work, etc. Student peer-evaluation can be unknown, with assessors haphazardly picked so kinship factors are more averse to misshape the outcomes. student peer-evaluation can be single or different, and is normally viewed as working most adequately when more than one assessor surveys every component of work, so consistency can be illustrated (or absence of consistency can make guides aware of issues with the appraisal standards, or the dedication of understudies to peer-evaluate reasonably). 6. Work Product A work Product can take numerous structures. It produces proof that a student can create a predetermined thing when given direction and the important apparatuses and gear. A case of this is a student finishing a carpentry course covering joints, sawing, nailing and so on. That student could then be approached to deliver a ‘Bird Box’ which would exhibit all the aptitudes and information learnt. Care must be taken when setting a â€Å"work product† as schoolwork when utilizing this as an appraisal technique. Students might be enticed to have the work item finished by another person. Reasonable AssessmentObserving/evaluating understudies doing a functional activity| Authenticity of work-ready to see the work happenValidity-Enable aptitudes to be found in actionReliability-Watching the activity, ready to check Currency-Job explicit preparing being shownSufficiency-It is sufficient to see the preparation given being placed into practice| Time devouring Job specific| AssignmentsActivities or errands to cover both hypothesis and practice| Can help advance students potential or help with trainingCurrency-Able to follow the workReliability †Able to pass judgment on the learning level of the students. Genuineness If the task is set for the student to finish voluntarily there is a danger of plagiarismEach student must be independently evaluated and composed input given| Peer AssessmentLearners offering criticism to each other| Helps with student association and slip-ups can be corrected between the gathering without the need or the teacherCurrency-Assisted gaining f rom their companions helps progression| Sufficiency-May require help from the instructorLearners may require help on the most proficient method to offer input to the groupReliability | QuestionsA procedure for making a decision about comprehension and to elevate thinking| Reliability-Able to see information communicated in the appropriate responses given and extend if requiredValidity-Proves what has been educated is taken in by the learnerCan test thinking and thinking abilities additionally could challenge your understudies potential| Learners could impart the responses to one another if questions aren’t changed| Candidate nameDate Assessor nameDate 1. Clarify quickly the key highlights for every one of the accompanying sorts of evaluation: (ref. 1. 1) a. Beginning appraisal †¢A abilities check to build up current aptitude levels †¢Identify a proper beginning stage for every understudy †¢Ensure the understudy comprehends what is anticipated from them †¢Identify a fitting pace at which every understudy will advance †¢Inspire and persuade understudies †¢Identify any Additional Learning Support necessities b. Developmental appraisal †¢Ongoing process †¢Highlight any learning issues †¢Feedback to empower understudies to grow further †¢Can be utilized to recognize the prerequisites of intercession before the last summative evaluation c. Summative evaluation * End of unit check Learners complete appraisal which denotes the end learning, I. e Final test pass/come up short * Normally to meet measures of the assessment board 2. What exercises or stages make up the appraisal cycle? (ref. 2. 1 ) †¢Initial Assessment †¢Assessment Planning †¢Assessment Activity †¢Assessment choice and criticism †¢Review of progress 3. Clarify how students can be associated with their own appraisal during each phase of the evaluation cycle. (ref. 2. 1) Initial Assessment| Self-Assessment/Peer Assessment| Assessment Planning| Sit with the students to create an ILP. Arrange appraisal strategy| Assessment Activity| Projects, Written tests, Quizzes| Appraisal choice and feedback| Sit with the student to examine results and give positive input on results/improvement’sComplete students ILP| Review of progress| One on one premise to show how the students are advancing against evaluation rules and update ILPOne-to-one instructional exercises and reviews| 4. What is peer evaluation? (ref. 2. 2) Involves an understudy surveying another student’s progress or being evaluated by their companions and assists with having a less proper conversation between gatherings of individuals at a similar learning level 5. What is self-evaluation? (ref. 2. 2) This is an understudy surveying their own advancement to see where they should be inside the models spread out in the arrangement 6. For each sort of appraisal clarify how students can profit by partaking in these exercises inside the evaluation procedure and give models. (ref. 2. 2) Benefit| Examples| Companion Assessment1 Pick-up best practices2 Can lessen the measure of educator assessment3 More open and simpler discussion(safe environment)4 Can recognize improvement territories that the instructor has not distinguished | 1 Share thoughts with one another 2 Helps advance friend communication 3 Students may acknowledge remarks from peers more promptly from peers than from the assessor4 Can assist produce with bettering learning ability’s inside the group| self-assessment1 Encourages stude

A Hydraulic Accumulator Energy Engineering Essay

A Hydraulic Accumulator Energy Engineering Essay A water driven collector is a gadget where potential vitality is put away as a packed gas or spring, or by a raised load to be utilized to apply a power against a generally incompressible liquid. They are utilized in liquid force frameworks to amass vitality and to streamline throbs. Collectors store vitality when water powered framework pressure is more prominent than the aggregator pressure and give pressure driven vitality when the gatherer pressure is more prominent than the framework pressure. By putting away and giving pressure driven vitality, aggregators can be utilized as an essential force source. Gatherers are innately unique gadgets, they work when setup changes (actuators moving, valves opening, and so on.) are happening inside a pressure driven framework. Collectors react quick to design changes, about promptly for gas aggregators. They are typically utilized related to a siphon/engine in a water powered circuit. A water driven framework using an aggregator can utilize a littler liquid siphon since the collector stores vitality from the siphon during low interest periods. The siphon doesnt should be so enormous to adapt to boundaries of interest, so the gracefully circuit can react all the more rapidly to any brief interest and to smooth throbs. The capacity and influence of the gatherer is controlled by the general volume of the aggregator and preload/pre-charge of the spring/gas. There are 4 kinds of gatherers: bladder, stomach bladder, cylinder (either spring or gas controlled) and metal roars. The decision of collector to use in a given application relies upon required speed of aggregator reaction, weight, unwavering quality and cost. Pressurized gas aggregators will have the quicker powerful reaction and are solid. Metal roars collectors are entirely dependable, however won't react as quick as a pressurized gas aggregator. Aggregators with seals by and large have the most minimal unwavering quality. Collectors are either round or barrel shaped in plan. Pack, cylinder and metal cries collectors are tube shaped. Stomach collectors might be round or tube shaped. Gatherers are generally fabricated into 2 parts which are either welded or strung together. A fill port is introduced toward one side of a gas collector and the water driven association fitting (with poppet valve, whenever required) is introduced at the furthest edge. For a spring gatherer, the non pr essure side ordinarily has a fitting that associates with the water driven repository (for seal spillage and to ease back weight on a cylinder). Materials are typically steel, however collectors may likewise be produced using aluminum or a composite (fiber wound) material. Packed gas gatherers are by a long shot the most well-known sort; these gas aggregators exploit the way that the gas is compressible. A gas collector has a gas pre-charge that is not exactly the ostensible water powered framework pressure. As water driven liquid enters the collector the gas is compacted to the ostensible framework pressure, which is a balance position and speaks to the most extreme measure of vitality put away by the gatherer. As framework water driven weight drops, the gas will grow pushing pressure driven liquid go into the framework. The gas pre-charge level is a significant parameter for gas gatherers since the pre-charge and in general collector volume; decide the most extreme measure of water powered vitality that will be accessible to the framework. The pre-charge is the weight of the gas in the collector without pressure driven liquid in the liquid side. A gas gatherer is pre-accused of nitrogen gas when there is no water powered liquid in the aggregator to the ideal weight. The gas collector pre-charge is a significant variable for guaranteeing ideal aggregator execution and keeping up long existence of the gatherer. Excessively high of a pre-charge pressure and the liquid volume limit is decreased. Besides, if a pack aggregator charge is excessively high than the sack may hit the poppet valve which could harm the sack through rehashed hits in administration, or cause a weakness disappointment in the poppet valve get together. For a cylinder gatherer, the cylinder might be crashed into the stops more than once influencing seals or cause an exhaustion disappointment in the cylinder stop. Excessively low of a pre-charge pressure and the gatherer may not keep up wanted least water driven framework pressure. Additionally a low pre -charge weight will permit a cylinder collector to over and over hit the up quits prompting untimely disappointment of the aggregator. For a pack aggregator, the sack might be constrained into an unnatural shape (e.g.,with folds) prompting pack harm and untimely sack disappointment. When estimating a collector the pre-charge pressure is a contribution to the measuring procedure. Be that as it may, when the collector is estimated the base and greatest gas volumes ought to be processed (under most pessimistic scenario conditions) and broke down to guarantee cylinder stops are not hit or that a sack can't completely fall or extend totally in the aggregator. Bladder Accumulator A bladder aggregator comprises of weight vessel with an inward elastomeric bladder with pressurized nitrogen on one side and water powered liquid on the opposite side (framework side). Figure 1 shows a bladder gatherer. It has 3 phases of activity: The gatherer is accused of nitrogen through a valve introduced in the top. The collector will be pre-charged to ostensible weight when the siphons are not working. Also when ostensible water powered framework pressure is applied the pack will be compacted to its completely compacted state. At the point when the pack is completely compacted, the nitrogen pressure and the water powered weight are equivalent. At long last as framework pressure drops the sack grows, constraining liquid from the collector into the framework. As the pack extends pressure taken care of diminishes. The pack will keep on extending until the sack pressure approaches the water driven weight (which will be lower than ostensible framework pressure) or the sack fills th e whole aggregator volume which is an unfortunate circumstance. A poppet valve shields the pack in gatherer from being maneuvered into the downstream tubing should the sack over-grow. On the off chance that the sack was maneuvered into the downstream tubing, the gatherer could never energize and ordinary stream from the siphon would be tightened. The most extreme stream pace of the collector is constrained by the initial zone (hole) and the weight contrast over the opening. Figure http://www.globalspec.com/NpaPics/18/146314_030520074661_ExhibitPic.JPGAccumulator, Bladder Typehttp://www.globalspec.com/NpaPics/18/146314_030520074661_ExhibitPic.JPG The fundamental favorable circumstances of a bladder aggregator are quick acting, no hysteresis, not powerless to tainting and predictable conduct under comparative conditions. Collectors are anything but difficult to accuse of the correct hardware. Since there is no cylinder mass, the speed of the bladder collector is represented by the gas, which responds quick to changes in water powered framework pressure. Henceforth bladder collectors are the best decision for pressure throb damping. Likewise, the bladder connection interior to the aggregator has demonstrated to be truly solid in administration. Obviously there is consistently the potential for bladder disappointment, which is a disappointment that would not ordinarily be noticeable in administration. Likewise, temperature contrasts on the gas will have some effect on execution. The primary impediment of bladder collectors is the pressure proportion (most extreme framework strain to pre-charge pressure) which is restricted to roughly 4 to 1. Subsequently gas gatherers will be bigger than different aggregators for a similar stream necessities. The pre-charge pressure is regularly set to around 80% of the base wanted water powered framework pressure. Stomach Accumulator A stomach aggregator is like sack collector aside from an elastomeric stomach is utilized in lieu of a pack. This would regularly decrease the usable volume of the collector so the stomach aggregator might not have volume limit of a bladder gatherer. A schematic of a stomach aggregator is appeared in Figure 2. http://www.machinerylubrication.com/articles/200907/pg26b.gif Figure http://www.machinerylubrication.com/articles/200907/pg26b.gif The conduct qualities of a stomach gatherer are like a sack aggregator and have similar favorable circumstances and inconveniences. Anyway a stomach gatherer might be circular or barrel shaped (or conceivably different shapes) which might be a bit of leeway in certain establishments. The principle contrast with bladder collectors is an expanded most extreme compressions proportion (greatest framework strain to pre-charge pressure) of roughly 8 to 1. Cylinder Accumulator A gas cylinder aggregator is appeared in Figure 3. A gas cylinder aggregator has a cylinder which slides against the gatherer lodging on seals. On one side of the cylinder is nitrogen and on the opposite side is the pressure driven liquid and association with the framework. A fill port permits pressurization of the nitrogen. Gatherer, Piston Type Figure http://www.tobul.com/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=13Itemid=27 A gas cylinder gatherer won't react to transient weights as quick as a bladder aggregator because of the mass of the cylinder (recurrence qualities rely upon cylinder mass and spring attributes of the nitrogen). Nonetheless, a cylinder collector will have better damping because of water driven spillage (gooey damping) and contact between the cylinder and lodging (coulomb grinding seal grating). Cylinder aggregators may likewise be more inclined to spillage than different sorts of collectors because of the seals. Cylinder gatherers will by and large give higher stream rates than gas collectors for equivalent aggregator volumes. This is on the grounds that cylinder collectors can suit higher weight proportions (most extreme framework strain to pre-charge pressure) than gas gatherers, up to 10 to 1, contrasted and bladder aggregator proportions of 4 to 1. The burdens of cylinder gatherers are that they are increasingly vulnerable to liquid pollution, have a lower r

Use Clichés to Avoid Wordiness

Use Clichés to Avoid WordinessUsing cliche college essay topics to avoid wordiness can be tempting, but writing an essay must be as polished and professional as the rest of your other writing tasks. Writing this type of essay is a great way to keep it simple, but it also has some distinct disadvantages.The main problem with using cliches to avoid wordiness is that it comes off as impersonal. If you are using examples or general statements to communicate ideas, then you are in effect communicating information. Clichés only work when they are making a statement in their own right.The second main problem with using cliches to avoid wordiness is that they are not very informative. While they are evocative, they do not carry any real weight. No matter how well written, it does not make sense to get all sentimental about something that is intended to communicate something.The three main problems that cliches have with educational topics are that they are boring, unfindable, and unorigina l. How can you try to convey information about anything by simply repeating a cliche? College students don't want to read rehashed content. They want to see new content that you have put together with your own unique insights and viewpoints.Another thing about cliches is that they make you appear as if you are simply repeating your ideas over again. Yes, you may be used to using them, but when you do it several times a week, it can start to take on a life of its own. People will come to expect the same old things when they do your essays. It is a good idea to write about something you have not done before, but people really don't like it when you just repeat a cliche to someone else.Also, these are oftentimes used as mere ways to avoid saying something that actually needs to be said. What does it mean to repeat something you have already said? How do you know if what you said is accurate or relevant or even correct?The best use of cliches to avoid wordiness is to use them in their o riginal form. If your topics require a lot of research, then use the cliches to ensure that you state your points accurately and succinctly. If you are not going to be using research materials, then you can use the cliches to get a specific point across in your essay without relying on research.You can always avoid cliches in different ways. It is always better to avoid them than to say them out loud. While there are many good reasons to use cliches in your papers, it is also worth learning how to avoid them and making sure that your paper flows perfectly so that people have no trouble following your ideas.

The Impact Of Fast Fashion On Business Environment

Introduction The continually increasing globalization in the world has linked many countries together and the borders have become inconspicuous. Many firms cooperate in a global market, which leads to an increased amount of transnational corporations acting in a global surrounding (Douglas Wind, 1987). In the fashion industry, the business environment is especially competitive and firms have to adjust their business practices rapidly such as products and launching time of each collection on the basis of the demand of current market (Lowson, King Hunter, 1999). Companies in the fashion industry like ZARA, Topshop and HM have emerged a new trend — â€Å"fast fashion† that combines two main characteristics: short lead times and trendy design products (Passariello,2008 ; Rohwedder Johnson, 2008). However, fast fashion leaves behind some issues, which are not beneficial to environmental protection and human costs. In fast fashion industries, it requires companies to complete missions in a short time, some fast fashion companies use unethical acts in order to complete producing on time which may result in environmental issue and appears unfair labour practices. In addition, Luz (2007) pointed out that globalization provided fast fashion industries a chance to produce clothes at lower prices so that they can sell clothes with a cheaper price. This result in many customers considers fast fashion clothes to be disposable. Therefore, this essay will first explain what is fastShow MoreRelatedSpeech On Fast Fashion964 Words   |  4 Pagesdeeper in the world of fast fashion I found out of the vicious cycles that our clothing is manufactured in. B. Relevance: The brands I researched are some many of you have probably heard of. C. 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Thus, it is a big challenge for the company s global operations to think about how to use the market intelligence, sensitive response and do moreRead MorePest Analysis of Gap Inc1178 Words   |  5 PagesPEST Analysis for GAP Politics Globalization has been a current trend to every industry which also includes the apparel and fashion industry in which is due to the construction of import international facilities and establishment. It has been noted that when products are traded, regulations and policies are present. With these regulations and policies, company’s operations may be impaired. Some countries also control the entrance of foreign companies which would also affect the process ofRead MorePest Analysis of Gap Inc1171 Words   |  5 PagesPEST Analysis for GAP Politics Globalization has been a current trend to every industry which also includes the apparel and fashion industry in which is due to the construction of import international facilities and establishment. It has been noted that when products are traded, regulations and policies are present. With these regulations and policies, company’s operations may be impaired. Some countries also control the entrance of foreign companies which would also affect the process of operation

Alcoholism Is Not Only A Disease - 862 Words

Alcoholism is not only a disease to the alcoholic himself, It also disease to many people including family members. In numerous ways, for instance it appears to cause by the devastating assault of the physiology of the body by repeated episodes of heavy drinking as a result in the competence to feel the alcohol on average. Alcohol normally composition and social pressures may aggravate the disease. It is characterized by a typical progression of drinking behavior that requires an average of twelve a half year of drinking to reach effusive developed overt symptoms and an average of eighteen years to accomplish the stage of weakening. It has seen been the most frequently in those of the Eskimo or American Indian. Among those of Caucasian decline, the Irish, French and Scandinavians exhibit a far higher incidence than do other European population groups the disease is further characterized by physical damage I n all systems of the body the most serious. Within the eyes the public, an alcoholic drink is purely a social cocktail. In realism, it is a social drug. (Levinthal pag192 Alcoholism is also a chronic progressive, deadly disease characterize by the loss of manage in excess of alcohol. Although is being a deadly. Millions across North America suffer the effects of alcohol abuse and addiction. It is a disease that knows no social or economic difficulty. Is no exception of Lawyer,or legal professional In fact, the legal profession has a rate of alcoholismShow MoreRelatedIs Alcoholism a Disease?691 Words   |  3 PagesAlcoholism as a disease? Alcoholism today is not considered as a moral failure, majority of the people view it as a disease. Alcoholism is a chronic primary and progressive disease and it can also be fatal in some instances. It is termed as a chemical disease as it breaks down in the stomach as well as bringing a different effect on the brain of the alcoholic as compared to a non-alcoholic. 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Some of these effects cause healthRead MoreAn Alcoholic : Societal Views Vs. Reality1103 Words   |  5 Pageswhen it comes to alcoholism, in order to understand Alcoholism properly we must consider both the disease and the treatment. In 1956 the AMA (American Medical Association) classified Alcoholism as a disease. The association’s definition of alcoholism is a primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. In this case the term â€Å"primary† is used to indicate that it is a disease that can lead to other diseases such as Cirrhosis

Theme For English B By Langston Hughes - 1273 Words

Throughout my life I have experienced many trials that are quite different to that of the narrator in â€Å"Theme for English B†; however, there are some similarities such as his life experiences, that can be compared to those of the narrator. In this poem Langston Hughes writes of a man who is given an assignment with very abstract and philosophical instructions for writing this paper. Accordingly, the narrator has some difficulties at first because he thinks of how different he and the professor is, saying â€Å"It’s not easy to know what is true for you or me at twenty-two, my age. But I guess I’m what I feel and see and hear† (16-18). Consequently, the narrator realizes the difference between his life in Harlem and the life of his white professor. This causes the narrator to be skeptical of how the professor may receive the narrators’ interpretation of the assignment. Though the narrator and I share similar characteristics and experiences it is the differences that make the most impact throughout this paper. Three major differences are his teacher’s assignment, the colleges view of him, and his life in general. While Hughes does provide much background information on the narrator’s past, he gives multiple examples of his life a student and as a citizen living at the YMCA in Harlem. Initially, the professor’s assignment provides a unique view on what normal diagnostic tests usually are, and the instructions for his assignment allow me to think of what I would write as aShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes Theme For English B845 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Theme for English B† Langston Hughes dramatizes race and self-identity. Hughes is struggling to relate himself to his teacher and everyone around him, so he starts off by telling readers about his background such as his age and where he has lived. â€Å"I am twenty-two, colored, born in Winston- Salem† (2). Through the first stanza of the p oem we know that Hughes is living through a time where race is a big issue and not too many African American adolescents are in school like he is. He is learningRead MoreLangston Hughes Theme For English B1332 Words   |  6 PagesMy response to Langston Hughes in Theme for English B is we have a variety of interests that are relatable to both of us. We encountered and conquered the greatest battles in our lives. We confronted segregation and rejection in view of the color of our skin and identity. After reading his poem, I was reminded of how I experienced discrimination and rejection throughout public school and I was labeled an outsider. I was discriminated and rejected not only just the color of my skin, it’s becauseRead More Analysis of Theme for English B by Langston Hughes Essay1793 Words   |  8 Pages Langston Hughes was an African American poet and author who joined other black artists to break literary barriers during the civil rights movement. The poem entit led Theme for English B was written thirty years or so after the birth of the Harlem Renaissance, but still embodies why the Renaissance had originated in the first place. I believe this poem reflected on Hughes life in general, but more importantly on the fight against the ignorance that created discrimination. James Mercer LangstonRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes Poem Theme Of English B911 Words   |  4 PagesThe more you know, the greater you individual power becomes. Upon reading Langston Hughes poem â€Å"Theme of English B† I understand that knowledge does not discriminate or separate people based upon race, age, or educational level. However, it brings us together and allows us to grow. Once you obtain any form of knowledge from anyone power is gained. Every time you quire new information you become powerful. â€Å"Theme of English B† brings light that we as a nation learn from each other if we are open mindedRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Girl `` By Jamaica Kincaid And Theme For English B By Langston Hughes1228 Words   |  5 PagesHow can two completely different texts convey the same message while covering different issues? In this paper I will argue that â€Å"Girl† by Jamaica Kincaid and â€Å"Theme for English B† by Langston Hughes are both addressing the same issue but in different ways. I will look at the similarities of characters, symbolism, and text found in the story. Even though the texts are different, th ey are both revealing social issues found in society. â€Å"Girl† by Jamaica Kincaid is a short story that consists ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem Theme From English B 1592 Words   |  7 Pages What Lies Beneath Langston Hughes was an American poet who spent a majority of his life growing up in Cleveland, Ohio as well as Lincoln, Illinois. Hughes was able to travel across the states and to several different countries which allowed him to experience diversity and hardships like poverty and racial discrimination. His teenage years was around the time that he would start to write poetry. The poetry that he wrote throughout his life incorporated Black culture and revealed his deeper viewsRead MoreLangston Hughes Theme for English B and Gerald Graff’s Hidden Intellectualism882 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes â€Å"Theme for English B† and Gerald Graff’s essay â€Å"Hidden Intellectualism† portray racial separation and intellectual isolation, respectively. Hughes’ essay is poetic justice, and Graff’s is a call to arms. Hughes’ is short and to the point and is simply what it is, no arguing or convincing, just raw thought. Graff’s is hig hly intellectual; offering examples and reasoning, and it could even be seen as a not-quite-finished plea to the nation to reevaluate our education system. But theRead MoreLangston Hughes: Spokesman for Civil Rights960 Words   |  4 PagesTracy Johnson Mr. Bush English Comp. 11 26 October 2012 Langston Hughes: Spokesman for Civil Rights The purpose of this essay is to examine the theme of three Langston Hughes poems; â€Å"I. Too,† â€Å"Mother to Son,† and â€Å"Theme for English B.† The theme of these three essays is civil rights. Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri in 1902. His parents separated early in his life, he lived with his mother in Kansas City. Langston Hughes attended High School where as a senior he wrote, â€Å"The NegroRead More`` True Freedom `` By Langston Hughes1163 Words   |  5 Pagesup for beliefs. Langston Hughes, an American poet known for his writing during the Harlem Renaissance period said, â€Å"In all my life, I have never been free. I have never been able to do anything with freedom, except in the field of my writing.† (citation). As a young African American man, Hughes faced man obstacles, but writing gave him a sense of freedom of expression. His poetry reached people of various social, cultural, and racial backgrounds. Hughes’ poetry has timeless themes that give insightRead More‚Äà ºEvaluation of ‚Äà ²Critical Essay on ‚Äà ²Theme for English B‚Äà ´Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€žÃƒ ´Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€žÃƒ ¹1291 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Evaluation of ‘Critical Essay on ‘Theme for English B’’† â€Å"Critical Essay on ‘Theme for English B’†, written by Chris Semansky, is just that: an analytical essay on Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"Theme for English B†. The article is a dissection of the author’s insight on the subject matter. The paper provides a detailed assessment of the content of Langston Hughes’ work by providing the reader with perspective on Hughes’ possible thoughts about people and the way they view themselves as well as others

Macroeconomic Data Analysis of Singapore

Question: Analysis the Macroeconomic Data of Singapore. Answer: Introduction Singapore is regarded as one of the most attractive destinations in the world for business. The companies from all around the world seek to set up their business in Singapore due to stable economic and political environment. The economic policies of the country focus on increasing trade and making the commercial sector transparent. In order to analyze the economy of Singapore in more detail, it is crucial to make an assessment of the macro economic factors such as gross domestic product, per capital income, unemployment rate, and inflation rates. The gross domestic product provides evaluation of the overall wealth of the economy while inflation indicates the rise in the price levels of the goods and services in the country. Further, the analysis of per capital income gives an overview of the living standards of the residents of the country. Apart from these factors, unemployment rate is also a crucial macro economic factors that provides overview of employment prosperity or problem o f the country. In this context, the essay presented here provides an analysis of the economy of Singapore with the assessment of macroeconomic factors mentioned above. Production Output Performance Analysis Definitions and Meaning The output performance analysis of an economy relates to analysis of the gross domestic product (GDP). The GDP refers to the total value of goods produced and services rendered in a fiscal year by the country. The value of GDP is computed by adding together the amount of consumer spending, government spending, investments of the country, and net exports. Further, in order make the trend analysis meaningful, the amount of GDP is adjusted for inflation converting the GDP to real GDP. The GDP per capita is computed by dividing total real GDP by the population of the country. Performance and Trend Analysis of the Singapore Economy The Singapore economy has grown rapidly in the past decade as depicted from three times increase in the real GDP over the period. The real GDP of Singapore was $127.42 billion in the year 2005 which increase neatly three times to $306.64 billion in the year 2014. The detailed information about the real GDP and per capita GDP is presented in the table given below: Table 1: Gross Domestic Product Data of Singapore: 2005 to 2014 Year Real GDP ($ billion) Growth rate GDP per capita ($) Growth rate 2005 127.42 29,869.85 2006 147.80 15.99% 33,579.86 12.42% 2007 179.98 21.78% 39,223.58 16.81% 2008 192.23 6.80% 39,721.05 1.27% 2009 192.41 0.09% 38,577.56 -2.88% 2010 236.42 22.87% 46,569.68 20.72% 2011 275.22 16.41% 53,093.67 14.01% 2012 289.27 5.10% 54,451.21 2.56% 2013 300.29 3.81% 55,617.61 2.14% 2014 306.34 2.02% 56,007.29 0.70% (World Bank, 2016) Figure 1: Real GDP ($ billion): Singapore From the data presented in the table shown above, it could be observed that the figure of real GDP of Singapore has been increasing continuously. However, the grow rate as depicted in the chart can be observed to be fluctuating. The grow rate was massive in the year 2006 and 2007, in these years, the GDP grown by 15.99% and 21.78% respectively. However, in the year 2008 and 2009, GDP growth rate slopped downwards reaching 6.80% and 0.09% respectively. This severe fall down in the rate was the impact of global financial crisis that occurred in the year 2008-09. However, Singapore came back strongly overcoming the global financial crisis. The growth rate again picked up reaching 22.87% and 16.41% in the year 2010 and 2011 respectively. However, again in recent years, it was observed that the Singaporean economy is struggling with the GDP growth as depicted from the low growth rate of 2.02% in the year 2014. Further, the growth rate of GDP per capita has also been observed to be fluctua ting in tandem with the growth in total GDP. The decrease in GDP per capita of Singapore is not only due to decrease in GDP with also because of increase in the population. Governments Measures Enhance Output Growth Singapore was one of the Asian countries which got affected by the global financial crisis of 2008-09 severely. In order to counter the recession caused by the global financial crisis, the government of Singapore took unprecedented measures by changing its monetary and fiscal policies (Liang, 2010). In the year 2009, the government announced job credit scheme to provide financial assistance to the companies as compensation to retain the employees. Further, the government also announced a special risk sharing program that helped in leveraging the risk position of the financial sector entities. Apart from that the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) also took initiatives to improve the liquidity position of the banks and financial institutions. The MAS leveraged margin requirements of the banks to increase their liquidity (Liang, 2010). Taking these all measures, the government aimed at infusing more money in the economy so that the output (GDP) could be increased. Labor Market Analysis Definitions and Meaning The unemployment refers to the situation of being jobless. The rate of unemployment signifies the portion of workforce that is eligible for job but does not have the job in their hands. The analysis of rate of unemployment is crucial from the macroeconomic analysis perspective as it provides the understanding of the economic health of a country (Baumol Blinder, 2008). There are different reasons that cause unemployment and based on these reasons there have been defined different types of unemployment. Primarily, the unemployment is classified into three categories such as structural, frictional, and cyclical. The structural unemployment arises commonly in every economy. It arises because certain job skills are considered outdated on inventions coming in the market (Baumol Blinder, 2008). The frictional unemployment is caused due to the workers being sitting idle deliberately. Some people wait for the right job opportunity and thus, they do not join the job until they get the right job. The Cyclical unemployment is crucial for every economy because this occurs when the economy is slopping down. The problems connected with the economy cause cyclical unemployment to arise (Baumol Blinder, 2008). Unemployment Trend in Singapore Reducing and keeping the unemployment under control has been the primary goal of the government of Singaporean in the past decade. In the year 2005, the unemployment rate of Singapore was observed to be 4.10% which reduced significantly to 1.70% in the year 2014. The detailed analysis of trend in unemployment rate is presented in the table and chart given below: Table 2: Singapore Unemployment rate Singapore Unemployment rate Year Unemployment rate Rate 2005 4.10% 2006 3.60% 2007 3.00% 2008 3.20% 2009 4.30% 2010 3.10% 2011 2.90% 2012 2.80% 2013 2.80% 2014 1.70% Figure 2: Trend in Singapore Unemployment Rate From the chart, it could be observed that the unemployment rate in Singapore is showing downward trend, which is good for the economy. The unemployment rate decreased from 2005 to 2007 and then it increased slightly in the year 2008 and 2009. The rate rose from 3% to 3.20% in 2008 and then further increased to 4.30% in the year 2009. The global financial crisis and recession occurred in the year 2008 was the main reason for increase in the unemployment rate. However, recently, in the year 2014, the unemployment rate has been observed to be under control at 1.70%. Type of Unemployment in Singapore The structural and frictional unemployment can not be eliminated in an economy. These will always be there in the economy as long as the unemployment rate does not become zero. However, the cyclical unemployment arises due to economy downturn and recession like situations. In the recent years, the Singaporean economy has been observed to be running smoothly without any severe economic problems. Therefore, the unemployment prevailing in Singapore can be said to be of two types such as structural and frictional (Econs, 2017). Governments Measures to Achieve Full Employment The government has made changes in the fiscal and monetary policies from time to time to control the unemployment in the country. In order to overcome the shock of global financial crisis of 2008-09, the Singaporean government adopted expansionary fiscal and monetary policies. The government made every effort to boost up the economy and create demand in the market so that more job opportunities can be created (Econs, 2017). Price Level Analysis Meaning and Causes of Inflation The rate of inflation is the macroeconomic factor being used for analysis of price levels of a country. The analysis of rate of inflation reveals the decreases or increases in the prices of goods and services over the period of time. Further, in other words, the inflation also refers to the purchasing power of money (Hamouda, 2011). When the rate of inflation goes up, the purchasing power of money is decreased conversely when the inflation goes down, the purchasing power of money increases. There are two crucial aspects having bearing on the inflation rate such as demand of goods and services and their supply. When the demand is excessively higher than the available supply, the prices of goods and service will increase causing the inflation to rise. This implies that when the economy is growing at fast rate, the inflation rate will be on higher side. Further, the rise in cost of manufacturing goods or providing services is also the reason for increase in the inflation rate (Eggertsso n, 2003). Inflation Trend in Singapore The inflation has been under control in Singapore in the past decade as depicted from the low rate of inflation. The trend in inflation over the period of past ten years from 2005 to 2014 could be observed from the table and chart given below: Table 3: Inflation in Singapore Year inflation (CPI) rate 2005 2.23% 2006 1.72% 2007 5.86% 2008 -1.49% 2009 3.52% 2010 -0.05% 2011 1.11% 2012 0.73% 2013 -0.70% 2014 0.04% Figure 3: Trend in Inflation Rate Singapore From the chart presented above, it could be observed that the rate of inflation is showing fluctuating trend over the period of 10 years. In the year 2005, the rate of inflation in Singapore was 2.23% which decreased to 1.72% in 2006 and then increased to 5.86% in 2007. In the year 2008, the rate of inflation went negative depicting deflation in the economy. The deflation was also observed in the year 2010 when the rate of inflation when to -0.05%. The deflation in the year 2010 was the impact of global financial crisis and recession in the economy in the year 2008-09. In the year 2011, the rate increased to 1.11%, however, it again went negative reaching at -0.70% in the year 2013. Causes of Inflation in Singapore In the past few years, the Singapore economy has got hit by the deflation. The rate of inflation has gone negative on many occasions leading to deflation in the country. The main reason for deflation in the economy has been observed to be the decrease in the prices of crude oil. Consequent upon the decline in oil prices, the cost of accommodation and transportation reduced significantly (Min, 2014). Governments Measures to Control Inflation The economy of Singapore has been facing low inflation or even deflationary situations on occasions. Considering the state of economy, the government has taken steps from time to time to keep the rate of inflation under control and balanced. In order to revive the economy from deflationary situation, the government is striving to make the fiscal and monetary policies expansionary. However, there have not been seen any significant improvement in the regards to the rate of interest (Focus-economics, 2017). In the past 5 years the rate of interest has been observed to be around 0.25% as depicted below: Figure 4: Interest rate in Singapore (Focus-economics, 2017) Conclusion This essay discusses the macroeconomic factors such as gross domestic product, unemployment rate, and the rate of inflation in the context of the Singaporean economy. From the overall discussion carried out, it could be articulated that the Singaporean economy is facing slow down as far as growth rate of GDP is concerned. Further, the per capita income of the country has also been observed to be falling down, which indicates decline in the living standard of the residents. The slow economy growth is affecting the unemployment and inflation adversely. The inflation rate of Singapore has been very low depicting deflationary conditions in the economy. The major point for consideration of the Singapore government is to enhance the economic growth by adopting expansionary fiscal and monetary policies. There is a need to increase the flow of money in the market. References Baumol, W. Blinder, A. 2008. Economics: Principles and Policy. Cengage Learning. Econs. 2017. Singapore Unemployment. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from https://www.econs.com.sg/essay-writing/5-singapore-has-maintained-an-annual-unemployment-rate-at-approximately-2-since-2010-it-was-1-9-in-2013-discuss-the-effectiveness-of-policies-that-singapore-government-currently-adopts-to-maintain/ Eggertsson, G.B. 2003. How to Fight Deflation in a Liquidity Trap: Committing to Being Irresponsible. International Monetary Fund. Focus-economics. 2017. MAS leaves policy band unchanged at October meeting. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from https://www.focus-economics.com/country-indicator/singapore/interest-rate Hamouda, O.F. 2011. Money, Investment and Consumption: Keynes's Macroeconomics Rethought. Edward Elgar Publishing. Heritage. 2017. 2017 Index of Economic Freedom: Singapore. Retrieved March 09, 2017, from https://www.heritage.org/index/country/singapore Liang, T.J. 2010. The global financial crisis and policy response. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from https://www.cscollege.gov.sg/Knowledge/Pages/The-Global-Financial-Crisis-and-Policy-Responses.aspx Min, C.Y. 2014. Singapore hit by first deflation in five years on falling global oil prices. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/singapore-hit-by-first-deflation-in-five-years-on-falling-global-oil-prices World Bank. (2016). Macroeconomic data of Singapore. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from https://data.worldbank.org/country/singapore

Aircraft maintenance engineer (AME) (Canada) Essays - Avionics

Aircraft maintenance engineer (AME) (Canada): Job Description: In Canada, AMEs are people who are licensed by Transport Canada to inspect and maintain aircraft and certify them for flight. They inspect and service aircraft airframes, engines (piston or turbine), aerodynamic components, electrical systems, structural components and anything else on the aircraft. They must keep track of tools and replace them as necessary, and supervise Aircraft Mechanics. Required Qualifications: A Valid Aircraft Maintenance Engineer's Licence issued by the Ministry of Transport. Salary: $36,197/year ($17.25/hour) - $80,052/year ($36.15/hour), median $60,379/year ($28/hour) Promotions: Could not find Required Skills: Proficient use of tools used for servicing aircraft Good prioritization skills Understanding of inner workings and principles of aircraft design References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_maintenance_engineer_(Canada) http://ca.indeed.com/Aircraft-Maintenance-jobs-in-British-Columbia (job advertisement) http://www.bcit.ca/study/programs/1010dipts https://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/maintenance-aarpb-ame-menu-530.htm https://www.gov.mb.ca/finance/labour/pdf/a/aircraft_maintenance_engineer.pdf http://www.payscale.com/research/CA/Job=Aircraft_Maintenance_Engineer_(AME)/Hourly_Rate Drone Pilot: Job Description: Drone/UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle) Pilots are used in a variety of situations, ranging from extreme sports photography to dropping bombs on bad guys, or catching your neighbour, Joe Blow, in the act of speeding on the highway in his Toyota Prius (is that even possible?). I digress. Basically, as a Drone Pilot, you fly drones. Required Qualifications: I have found very few sources for this information, however, from what I presume and have read, experience with flying drones or/and a certification for UAV piloting is required. Salary: Salary estimates for Drone Pilots on Indeed.com show $45K to $85K+ per year. Drone Pilots in the US Military can be paid upwards of $135K per year. Promotions: Could not find this Required Skills: Great experience with flying UAVs Experience in some other field (i.e. photography), if applicable Good attention span Knowledge of local laws regarding the use of UAVs References: http://uavcoach.com/uav-jobs/ http://www.cqfa.ca/pro/index.php?id=1007lng=An http://www.uxvuniversity.com/uav-pilot-training-certificate/ http://www.airforcetimes.com/story/military/careers/air-force/2015/07/15/predator-reaper-drone-pilots-to-get-135k-re-up-bonus/30184499/ http://www.indeed.com/cmp/Rotor-Air-Cam,-LLC/jobs/Drone-Pilot-012afa5405df1444?q=Uav+Pilot (job advertisement) http://www.indeed.com/q-Uav-Pilot-jobs.html

analysis essays

analysis essays We the people - How far should we take it. It is our government, our state, what the people say should be law, as long as certain inalienable rights are observed. In 2002, a referendum was placed on the Florida ballot stating the State would build a mass transit sytem "Bullet Train"..The destination would be from Tampa to Orlando. The next "leg" would be to Miami. Florida voters overwhelmingly passed the bullet train referendum two years ago. Now the legislators are trying to take it away. Are they not our elected representatives? Should they not heed the wishes of the people? Unfortunately, the Florida Legislature has not appropriated any money for this project. They have stated there is not enough money in the budget. They are trying to get it back on the ballot in hopes it will be defeated. Many mistakes were made in 2002 when the initiative was placed on the ballot. No funds were provided and those voting for it had no idea what it would cost the taxpayers. Now as the cartoon shows, the legislature is attempting to crush the "sand train." Both the legislators and the voters should learn a lesson - know what you are voting for and who you are voting for. The wave will crush the bullet train, but the concept could still be kept alive if the Florida voters are given enough information to vote intelligently. The young child in the picture illustrates the future that belongs to our youth. Should progress prevail or should we stagnate our human resources? Florida has a very complex governmental system. We must look at the responsibilities of the people and of our legislature. ...

Archaeology - Neanderthals and Modern Humans Essay

Archaeology - Neanderthals and Modern Humans - Essay Example Human kind is very clever in this regard as well as in the regard of preserving life in severe environments, for a period of time. Yet, he states that human kind has often driven species to extinction and I have to personally agree with his position on this topic. Human kind is known to abuse the environment around it and this is no different from then as now. This is the main reason why so many living biological organisms are either extinct now or on the verge of extinction. Human kind over does it in practically every aspect of living so therefore my opinion is not very different from Wright's. Wright's belief is that it is this mentality of human kind that has ultimately lead to the downfall of many ancient civilizations. His point is that human kind falls into progress traps. We develop things that create a negative impact in our environments and that negatively affect our very own existence, thereby driving our own species into extinction. Wright also claims that cultural phenomena have absolutely nothing to do with human evolution and again I tend to agree with this. One of the examples that he gives in his book, in regards to the problem solving skills of mankind, is indicative in the summary he does of the Samarian

Kingdom of Heaven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kingdom of Heaven - Essay Example Several skirmish between Muslim and Christian forces occur, like when Guy and Raynald kill everyone on a Muslim caravan. Saladin, the Muslim leader, retaliates. Balian is captured, then freed by the servant he had turned loose. The Muslims and Christians reach a tentative truce. The Christians murder Saladins sister, causing Saladin to siege Jerusalem. Balian leads the defense, but has to surrender. Saladin allows them free passage back to their countries. When King Richard I ask Balian to crusade with him, Balian refuses. At the end, subtitles explain King Richard I failed, and fighting for Jerusalem continued over the centuries, even today. The film states â€Å"Peace in the Kingdom of Heaven remains elusive" (Kingdom of Heaven). There was not too much spiritual content in this movie. Balian wanted to go the crusade to gain redemption for him and his wife. This is a Christian trait. Repentance, penance, and forgiveness is a Christian concept. So his motives for going on the crusades were religious. Most of the Christians in the movie have no religion, or were hostile to religion. Good and bad Christians were portrayed in this movie. Good Christians like Balian left the Muslims in peace, but bad Christians wanted to kill all Muslims. A Christian crusader is someone who was planning to go there and come back. Crusaders were alright with individual Muslims, but a Muslim state would have been unacceptable. They would have wanted to conquer the Holy Land for Christians. There were no churches in this movie, save for in the knighting scene. That was odd, because in the Middle Ages religion and churches were very important to Muslims, Jews, and Christians. There was crosses, but no crucifixes. The closest religious symbols were during the knighting ceremony where Balians father gives his oath, and Balian is knighted. During his knighting ceremony Balians father gives him his oath. Behind him there is an

Explaining CAM And Its Followers

Explaining CAM And Its Followers BASIC DEFINITION OF CAM A cam is a mechanical component of a machine that is used to transmit motion to another component, called the follower, through a prescribed motion program by direct contact. INTRODUCTION TO CAM AND FOLLOWERS A cam follower, also known as a track follower,[1] is a specialized type of roller or needle bearing designed to follow cams. Cam followers come in a vast array of different configurations, however the most defining characteristic is how the cam follower mounts to its mating part; stud style cam followers use a stud while the yoke style has a hole through the middle.[2] The first cam follower was invented and patented in 1937 by Thomas L. Robinson of the McGill Manufacturing Company.[3] It replaced using just a standard bearing and bolt. The new cam followers were easier to use because the stud was already included and they could also handle higher loads.[ CAM AND MECHANISMS A cam mechanism consists of three elements: the cam, the follower (or follower system), and the frame. The follower is in direct contact with the cam. The cam may be of various shapes. The follower system includes all of the elements to which motion is imparted by the cam. This may be connected directly to the follower, or connected through linkages and gearing. The frame of the machine supports the bearing surfaces for the cam and for the follower. A CAM changes the input motion, which is usually rotary motion (a rotating motion), to a reciprocating motion of the follower. They are found in many machines and toys WHAT IS THE CONCEPT BEHIND CAM? A CAM is a rotating machine element which gives reciprocating or oscillating motion to another element known as follower. The cam and follower has a point or line contact constitute a higher pair or you can say that it is the mechanicl component of a machine that is used to transmit the motion to the another component of the machine called the follower, through a prescribed program by direct contact.The contact between them is maintained by an external force which is generally provided by the spring or sometimes by the weight of the follower itself ,when it is sufficient. Cam is the driver member and the follower is the driven member. The follower is in direct contact with the cam. CAM MECHANISM CONSIST OF THREE MECHANISMS CAM:It may be of many shapes FOLLOWER: It includes all the elements to which motion is imparted by the cam.This may be connected directly by the cam.This may be connected directly to the follower, or connected through linkages and gearing. FRAME: The frame of the machine supports the bearing surfaces for the cam and for the follower. APPLICATIONS OF CAM AND FOLLOWERS Cam and follower are widely used for operating inlet and exhaust valve of I C engine. These are used in wall clock. These are used in feed mechanism of automatic lathe Machine. These are used in paper cutting machine. Used in weaving textile machineries. The cam mechanism is a versatile one. It can be designed to produce almost unlimited types of motioning the follower. It is used to transform a rotary motion into a translating or oscillating motion. On certain occasions, it is also used to transform one translating or oscillating motion into a different translating or oscillating motion. Cams are used in a wide variety of automatic machines and instruments. The certain usuages of cam and followers that includes textile machineries, computers, printing presses, food processing machines, internal combustion engines, and countless other automatic machines, control systems and devices. The cam mechanism is indeed a very important component in modern mechanization. CLASSIFICATION OF CAMS Based on the physical shape Disk or plate cams Working of the disc cam with reciprocating follower. Working of the disc cam with oscillating follower. Cylindrical cam Translating cam CLASSIFICATION OF FOLLOWES (i) Based on surface in contact (a) Knife edge follower (b) Roller follower (c) Flat faced follower (d) Spherical follower (ii) Based on type of motion Oscillating followe Translating follower (iii) Based on line of action Radial (in line) follower (b) Off-set follower Cams can be conveniently classified into two main groups Group a: Cams that impart motion to the follower in a plane in line with the axis of rotation of the cam (as does a cylindrical cam). Group b: Cams that impart motion to the follower in a plane at 90 degrees to the axis of rotation, as with face or edge cams.Most cams fall into this category. TYPES OF CAMS Eccentric cam: A circular cam is often called an eccentric cam because the axis of rotation of the cam is offset from the geometric center of the circular disc. Concentric disc: A concentric disc attached to a rotating shaft would have its axis of rotation coinciding with its geometric center. PROFILE SHAPES OF SOME CAMS: PEAR-SHAPED CAMS: These type cams are often used for controlling valves. For example, they are used on motor car camshafts to operate the engine valves. A follower controlled by a pear-shaped cam remains motionless for about half a revolution of the cam. During the time that the follower is stationary, the cam is in a dwell period. During the other half revolution of the cam, the follower rises and then falls. As the pearshaped cam is symmetrical, the rise motion is the same as the fall motion. Edge cams It must be appreciated that this type of cam, where the follower is in contact with the edge of the cam disc, is only capable of imparting positive motion to its follower in one direction, that is, during the rise portion of the cam movement. During the fall portion of the cam movement the follower must be maintained in contact with the cam either by the mass of the follower and its mechanism or, more usually, by a spring. Both methods have their advantages. Box cams A groove can be milled in the face of cam discs. As the cam rotates, a follower located in the groove has its motion guided by the groove. This type of cam is called a box cam. Cylindrical cams: Cylindrical cams are used when motion has to be transmitted parallel to the axis of rotation of the cam. The cylindrical or barrel cam consists of a rotating cylinder with a helical (screw shaped) groove in its curvedsurface. A follower with a tapered roller end is located in the groove. As the cylinder turns, the follower moves in a straight line parallel to the axis of the rotation barrel cam. This type of cam is often used to guide thread on sewing machines, looms and fabric making machines. CIRCULAR CAMS: These cams are sometimes called eccentric cams. The cam profile is a circle. The center of rotation of the cam is often from the geometric center of the circle. The circular cam produces a smooth form of motion called a simple harmonic motion. These cams are often used to produce motion in pumps. Circular cams are often used to operate steam engine valves. As the cam is symmetrical, the rise and fall motions are the same. HEART SHAPED CAMS: This cam causes the follower to move with a uniform velocity. Heart-shaped cams are essential when the follower motion needs to be uniform or steady as, for example, in the mechanism that winds thread evenly on the bobbin of a sewing machine. A heart-shaped cam can be used for winding wire evenly on the former of a solenoid. UNIFORM ACCELERATION AND RETARDATION CAMS: A cam shaped as shown controls the motion of the follower so that it moves with uniform acceleration and retardation. The follower gains and looses velocity at a constant rate. Uniform acceleration and retardation cams are used to controls the motion of linkages in complex machinery. Types of Cam Followers There are three types of cam followers, and since the type of follower influences the profile of the cam it is worthwhile considering the advantages and disadvantages of each type. The three types are the knife-edge, the roller follower and the flatfoot or mushroom follower. The Knife Edge Follower: This is the simplest type, is not often used due to the rapid rate of wear. When it is adopted, it is usually for reciprocating motion, running in slides and there is considerable side thrust, this being a component of the thrust from the cam. The Roller Follower: This eliminates the problem of rapid wear since the sliding effect is largely replaced by a roller action. Some sliding will still take place due to the varying peripheral speed of the cam profile, due to the changing radius of the point of contact. Note also that the radial position of the contact between the cam and the roller, relative to the follower center, will change according to whether a rise or fall motion is taken place: this fact has to be considered when constructing the cam profile. Again,with the roller follower, considerable side thrusts are present, a disadvantage when dealing with reciprocating motions. This side thrust will be increased when using small rollers. The Flat Foot or Mushroom Follower: This has the advantage that the only side thrust present is that due to the friction between the follower and the cam. The problem of wear is not so great as with the knife-edge follower, since the point of contact between the cam and follower will move across the face of the follower according to the change of shape of the cam. A trick to lessen further the effect of wear is to design the follower to be capable of axial rotation and arrange the axis of the follower to lie to one side of the cam. Thus the contact with the cam will tend to cause rotation of the follower. The cam profile, to work with a flatfoot follower, must be convex at all parts, in order to prevent the corners of the follower digging into the cam profile. The minimum cam radius should be as small as possible to minimize sliding velocity and friction. All three types of cam followers can be mounted in the following ways: 1) In-line with the cam center line, 2) Offset from the cam center line, or 3) Mounted on a swinging radial arm. CAM-VALVE CAM TERMINOLOGY Trace point: A theoretical point on the follower, corresponding to the point of a fictitious knife-edge follower. It is used to generate the pitch curve. In the case of a roller follower, the trace point is at the center of the roller. 2.Pitch curve: The path generated by the trace point at the follower is rotated about a stationary cam. 3. Working curve: The working surface of a cam in contact with the follower. For the knife-edge follower of the plate cam, the pitch curve and the working curves coincide. In a close or grooved cam there is an inner profile and an outer working curve. 4. Pitch circle: A circle from the cam center through the pitch point. The pitch circle radius is used to calculate a cam of minimum size for a given pressure angle. 5. Prime circle (reference circle): The smallest circle from the cam center through the pitch curve. 6. Base circle: The smallest circle from the cam center through the cam profile curve. 7. Stroke or throw: The greatest distance or angle through which the follower moves or rotates. 8. Follower displacement: The position of the follower from a specific zero or rest position (usually its the position when the follower contacts with the base circle of the cam) in relation to time or the rotary angle of the cam. 9. Pressure angle: The angle at any point between the normal to the pitch curve and the instantaneous direction of the follower motion. This angle is important in cam design because it represents the steepness of the cam profile. Some question arises regarding cam and followers: When is a flat faced follower preferred as compared to roller followers and why? Flat faced followers are preferred to roller followers where space is limited for eg: cams with flat followers are used to operate valves of an automobile engine but in case of stationary and oil engines, roller followers are preferred because more space is available. What data is plotted on displacement diagram of cam and follower motion? Ans:Plot of linear displacement i.e. lift or stroke (s) of follower (on Y axis direction) versus angular displacement (ÃŽÂ ¸) of the cam for one rotation (on X axis direction) REFERENCES: WIKIPEDIA. McGILL CAMROLL bearings. Robinson, Thomas L., Bearing, US

Ethics for End of Life Care Essay -- Ethics, Arguments, History

In the article Ethics for End of Life Care, Jos V.M Welie introduces the case of Terri Schiavo. Schiavo has a medical condition called PVS or â€Å"persistent vegetative state.† The main question imposed is whether or not treatment for her should be continued with a bleak chance of recovery. This directly leads into the next issue of the role that medical treatment and technology have in the final days of life. How do we decide what treatments should be used for which patients? Today, the majority of physicians agree that treatment must be â€Å"medically indicated† before it is commenced or continued. A majority of us would be skeptical of a treatment that is experimental and potentially dangerous. The second key point the article makes involves the Catholic medical ethics known as â€Å"ordinary vs. extraordinary.† Ordinary and extraordinary treatment must always be based on the patient’s current situation. Before the treatment is initiated, there must be scientific evidence that the treatment will benefit the patient. The treatment should be discontinued if it does not improve the patient’s health. Only the patient is allowed to make the decision. If they are not competent enough too, a legally authorized person is required to decide. If there is no hope left for the patient, letting go is a better alternative than euthanasia. Euthanasia conflicts with God’s view of the human body. Gula explains in his work Reason Informed by Faith, that there has been a significant renewal in Roman Catholic moral theology. There has been a shift from the idea of human nature to that of the human person. The human body is seen as an image of God and therefore, is considered sacred. The human body must abide by the laws of the material world around it. Be... ...s. Although it was questionable if he was able to even make a decision, he was rarely, if at all approached by the doctor about it. Death is inevitable from a Christian perspective, but it is not the end. People struggle with death I believe because they are afraid of the unknown. What comes after death? Is there really an afterlife? Will I be rewarded or punished for my time on Earth? I consider that the best way to die is to be surrounded and comforted by my family and friends. The idea of a planned death just seems so unnatural. That is why I believe that euthanasia should not be legal. The hospital should perform the treatments that will actually help the patients recover. If no treatment is appropriate enough, the physician should not have to resort to assisting the patient in death. God intended death to be a natural cause, and it should remain that way.

AIU Human Resources Essay

To the head of AIU: In this message I would like to inform you about the relationship between job satisfaction and the age, this relationship will help in providing a clear indication of the best workers to employ in a company depending on satisfaction, the more satisfied the workers are then the higher is their productivity level and therefore companies should employ more satisfied workers. Summary of the survey participants: Gender: The following is a survey on some workers in a company and this email reports on the findings about the overall satisfaction of workers, the study included a total of 29 participants where 19 of them were male and 10 were female, the following chart summarizes the distribution of male and female in percentage: From the above chart it is evident that the probability of picking a male from the sample is 64.52% while the probability of picking a female from the sample is 34.48%. Tenure: Regarding tenure it was evident that 21.05% of males and 10% of female had worked at the company for less than two years, 57.89% of males and 50% of females have worked with the company for 2 to 5 years, finally 21.05% of males and 40% of females have worked with the company for over 5 years. The following table summarizes the results: MALE FEMALE Less than 2 years 21.05% 10.00% 2 to 5 years 57.89% 50.00% Over 5 Years 21.05% 40.00% From the table it is evident that majority of both males and females have worked with the company for 2 to 5 years, however the less females have worked with the company for less than two years. Department: There are three departments namely Human Resources, Information Technology and Administration, in this case the following was the distribution of participants in each department: From the chart it is evident that most of the participants were from the administration department, the least number of participants were from the information technology department. Satisfaction: The participants were asked to identify the level of intrinsic satisfaction, extrinsic satisfaction and overall satisfaction; the following tables summarize the mean values of satisfaction: MEAN MALE OVERALL 4.65 INTRINSIC 4.78 EXTRINSIC 4.81 MEAN FEMALE OVERALL 5.39 INTRINSIC 5.62 EXTRINSIC 4.62 From the table the mean value for overall and intrinsic satisfaction for female is greater than the mean value for the male; however the mean value of extrinsic satisfaction for males is greater than that for the females. Therefore from the above we can conclude that females are more satisfied than males. Age: The participants by age were categorized into three groups, this include those aged below 21, those aged between 22 and 49 and those above 50 years, the table below summarizes the results: participants percentage 21 and under 5 17.24% 22-49 17 58.62% 50 and over 7 24.14% From the table more participants were aged between the age of 22 and 49 years and that less participants were aged 21 years and below. Position: There are those participants that are hourly employees and the salaried employees, from the survey it was evident that more employees were salaried and this comprised of 58.62% of the participant; the table below summarizes the results. Hourly Employee (Overtime Eligible) 12 41.38% Salaried Employee (No Overtime) 17 58.62% Relationship between satisfaction and age: The following table below represents the mean level of satisfaction for the age groups OVERALL INTRINSIC EXTRINSIC 21 and under 4.34 4.02 5.78 22-49 4.69411765 5.317647059 4.8294118 50 and over 5.81428571 5.228571429 3.8 Overall satisfaction: There is an increase in the mean level of overall satisfaction as the age increases, from this reason those aged 50 and above years have the highest level of overall satisfaction, therefore these individuals will tend to be more productive in the company, for this reason the company should employ older people in the organization to realize the advantage of satisfied workers. Regarding intrinsic satisfaction it is clear that those aged below 21 years have the lowest intrinsic satisfaction while those aged 22 to 49 years have the highest mean level of intrinsic satisfaction, finally regarding extrinsic satisfaction those aged 50 years and above have the lowest extrinsic satisfaction. Conclusion: From the above discussion it is evident that age is an important factor to consider when employing individuals, a company should employ individuals aged between 22 years and 49 years this is due to the simple reason that they will work in the company for many years and also will have higher levels of intrinsic, extrinsic and overall satisfaction. Surveys: A survey is a study on all the individuals in a given population or a chosen number of participants using the sampling techniques, example of a survey is a country census that involves all individuals in the country. A census is used by the government to determine the population size and therefore decision on provision of social amenities is made easier. In a survey there is need to include the names of the individuals involved in order to keep the information private, to ensure that the information is unbiased there is a need to have a standard data collection tool, there is also a need to ensure that there are ways in which the consistence of information by a participant is checked. Time is an important factor to consider, there is need to have ample time for preparation of a survey, this is because if one wants to use questionnaires then one has to prepare the questionnaire and then pretest it. References: Robert Mason and Douglas Lind (1997) Statistics: An Introduction, Duxbury Press, New York

J.R.R. Tolkien Essay - 895 Words

J.R.R. Tolkien J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973) gained a reputation during the 1960’s and 1970’s as a cult figure among youths disillusioned with war and the technological age. His continuing popularity evidences his ability to evoke the oppressive realities of modern life while drawing audiences into a fantasy world. John Ronald Reuel was born on the third of January, 1892, at Bloemfontein, South Africa, where his father, Arthur, had taken a position with the Bank of Africa. In 1895 Tolkien’s mother, Mabel Suffield, moved back to England with her children, because Tolkien‘s health was affected by the climate. Arthur Tolkien hoped to return to England soon, but he contracted rheumatic fever the following autumn and died early in 1896.†¦show more content†¦After returning to Britain in 1917, he began writing The book of Lost Tales which ultimately became The Silmarillion and laid the groundwork for his stores about Middle-earth. Tolkien returned to Oxford, where he joined the staff of the Oxford English Dictionary and began work as a self-employed tutor. In 1920 he was appointed Reader in English Language at Leeds University, where he collaborated with E. V Gordon on an highly praised translation of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, published in 1925. The following year Tolki en returned to Oxford and became friends with C.S. Lewis. They both attended meetings of The Coalbiters, a club founded by Tolkien, where Icelandic sagas were read aloud(Byers 259). Almost all of Tolkien’s work was never published. But in 1936 he was persuaded by friends to let the firm of Allen an Unwin to take a look at his typescript of The Hobbit. This story was said to delight all who read. Allen an Unwin decided to publish the book and it sold so well that they asked Tolkien to write a sequel. Tolkien wanted to, but it took him fifteen years to complete it(Kroeber 520). After thirty years of being a professor Tolkien finally began being recognized and rewarded for his academic achievements. In 1945 he was named an honorary Doctor of Letters by the University college in Dublin, Ireland and the University of Liege in Belgium. It wasn’t until the 1950’s that Tolkien started to be known out side his own field. InShow MoreRelatedEssay J.R.R. Tolkien1127 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Ronald Reuel Tolkien, creator of a world. When someone who knows Tolkien is asked about his works, one thought comes to mind, Middle Earth. This was the playground in his mind that such vivid descriptions of fantasylands came from. It is the base of his most well known stories, where dreams are just the norm. br brJ.R.R. may owe much of his success to his diverse beginnings. On April 16, 1891, Mabel Suffield and Arthur Reuel Tolkien were married in Bloemfontein, South Africa. They soon gaveRead MoreEssay on The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien530 Words   |  3 PagesThe Hobbit by J.R.R. 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